Musculoskeletal tumors

Musculoskeletal tumors

Overview

Musculoskeletal tumors are abnormal growths that start in bones, muscles, fat, blood vessels, or other supporting tissues. They can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous, often called sarcomas).

Symptoms

Deep Pain: Aching discomfort in a bone or muscle that does not go away with rest or standard pain relievers.

Swelling and Masses: A growing lump under the skin that may feel soft, firm, or warm to the touch.

Limited Movement: Stiffness, a limp, or trouble moving a nearby joint freely.Weakened Bones: Fractures happening with little to no obvious cause.

General Fatigue: Feeling very tired, running a low fever, or losing weight unexpectedly.

Causes

Inherited gene changes: Syndromes like Li-Fraumeni syndrome, neurofibromatosis, and retinoblastoma raise your risk.

Past radiation therapy: High doses of radiation used to treat prior cancers can damage cell DNA over time.

Rapid bone growth: Tumors like osteosarcoma often show up during teenage growth spurts.

Previous bone injuries or metal implants: Rarely, past fractures, chronic inflammation, or metal surgical implants are linked to later bone changes.

Spread from other areas (Secondary tumors): Cancer that starts in the lungs, breasts, or prostate can spread into the musculoskeletal system.

Diagnosis

X-rays: The first test to see bone shape changes and margins.

MRI scan: Gives clear pictures of muscles, soft tissues, and tumor size.

CT scan: Shows fine bone details and checks if the disease has spread to the lungs.

Bone scan or PET scan: Looks for other spots in the body.

Biopsy: Taking a tiny tissue sample to look at cells under a microscope. This confirms the exact type of tumor.

Treatment

Surgery: Removes the tumor while keeping the arm or leg safe when possible. Doctors use metal parts or bone grafts to fix the bone.

Chemotherapy: Uses strong medicines to kill cancer cells or shrink large tumors before surgery.

Radiation therapy: Uses high-energy rays to kill remaining cancer cells or ease pain.Ablation:

Type of Doctor Department : An orthopedic oncologist, a surgical oncologist, or a musculoskeletal onco-surgeon

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