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Grover's Disease

 Grover's Disease


OVERVIEW

Grover’s disease is a rare, temporary skin condition. It causes sudden red, raised, blistery, and sometimes very itchy spots that form around the middle of the body. The rash is most often seen in middle-aged men.

Another name for this condition is transient acantholytic dermatosis (TAD).

Who Gets It?

Grover’s disease usually happens in men over 50. However, women sometimes get it, too.Symptoms

For most people with Grover’s disease, the most disruptive symptom is intense itching at the rash location.

Not everyone experiences itching, but for those that do, the itching can become so severe that it interferes with daily activities and sleep quality.

Speaking to Medical News Today, Dr. Adam Friedman, an associate professor of dermatology at the George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, stated, “Both the itch and the clinical appearance can have a tremendous impact on quality of life and be quite disabling.”

Scratching the itch also worsens the problem by damaging the skin and making it prone to bleeding and infection.

Causes and risk factors

Grover’s disease occurs as a result of changes to the proteins that help to hold the skin cells together.

These changes occur at a microscopic level and cause partial breakdown of the skin. For some people, this breakdown results in Grover’s disease.

While the exact cause remains unclear, there are many possible triggers, including:

*increased sweating

*fever

*prolonged bed rest, for example during hospital stays

*extended periods of sun exposure

*dry skin, especially during the winter months

*certain medications

*organ transplants

*end-stage renal (kidney) disease and hemodialysis

*exposure to radiation, such as X-rays

Cancer, chemotherapy, and recent organ transplants can increase the risk of developing abnormal forms of Grover’s disease. In these cases, the rash may appear in an unusual location on the body after beginning on the back or chest.

Doctors tend to keep all risk factors in mind, rather than focusing on any one trigger. Dr. Friedman told MNT that Grover’s disease is likely due to a combination of elements, “including sun exposure, age, and skin care habits.”

Diagnosis

The only way to confidently diagnose Grover’s disease is to do a skin biopsy. A biopsy is a tissue sample that a doctor sends to a laboratory for testing.

Dermatologists typically use a shave skin biopsy. They will numb the area of skin, so the individual does not feel any pain, then use a razor-like tool to cut a sample from one of the rash bumps.

There is a small chance that a biopsy will leave a scar. To minimize that chance, a person should follow the doctor’s post-procedure instructions.

Sometimes people may confuse Grover’s disease with other conditions, including:

*Darier disease: Unlike Grover’s disease, Darier disease usually appears during or just after puberty (before age 30) and is hereditary.

*Hailey-Hailey disease: This disease involves blisters and crusted skin bumps, but is genetic.

*Pemphigus foliaceus: This is an autoimmune condition. Doctors can use immunofluorescence, a staining technique that can identify pemphigus foliaceus under a microscope, to distinguish it from Grover’s disease.

*Galli-Galli disease: This condition involves a rash that looks similar to Grover’s disease, but it is hereditary.

In addition to the biopsy, a doctor is likely to ask about any family history of skin conditions to help them make the correct diagnosis.

Treatment

There is no standard treatment plan for Grover’s disease, but dermatologists and other experts have developed several lines of treatment that can help reduce symptoms.

Doctors will begin treating Grover’s disease using the first line of treatment and move onto the second or third line if symptoms do not improve.

First line:

*moisturizers, including lotions, balms, and gels

*over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription anti-itch corticosteroid cream

*oral antihistamines, which are available OTC in many forms

Second line:

topical vitamin D analogs in a liquid or cream for topical application

antifungal or antibiotic therapy

Third line:

*oral or injectable systemic corticosteroids, which require a prescription (oral prednisone is very common)

*oral or topical systemic retinoids, which also need a prescription

*PUVA phototherapy, which uses ultraviolet light to provide relief but can sometimes make the disease worse initially

“Aggressive treatment, especially in severe cases, is needed to provide relief,” he told us. “I frequently use oral retinoids, a form of vitamin A, to treat moderate to severe cases, along with potent topical steroids and antibacterial washes.”

TYPE OF DOCTOR AND DEPARTMENT: Dermatologists CAN DIAGNOSES THIS DISEASE. 

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