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Tricobezoar

Tricobezoar





OVERVIEW 


Trichobezoars form when hair strands, escaping peristaltic propulsion because of their slippery surface, are retained in the folds of the gastric mucosa. As more hair accumulates, peristalsis causes it to be enmeshed into a ball. As this ball gets too large to leave the stomach, gastric atony may result. 


SYMPTOMS


What are the Symptoms and Signs of Trichobezoars?


In many cases, when the mass is small, a trichobezoar may not be identified due to the lack of symptoms. The initial symptoms of trichobezoar may include loss of appetite and nausea. When the trichobezoar is significant in size, it can cause obstructive symptoms. Also, due to the pressure it exerts, it can reduce blood supply to the stomach and intestine resulting in ulcers and perforation of these organs. Jaundice and pancreatitis can occur as complications. Some of the symptoms caused by trichobezoars are as follows:


Exhaustion or fatigue

Stomach pain

Bad breath

Vomiting

Black tarry stools due to bleeding

Discomfort in the chest

Patchy loss of hair, which may be indicative of trichotillomania

Dizzy feeling

Constipation or diarrhea

Loss of weight

The severity of symptoms depends on the seriousness of the condition. For example, a patient with perforation may be in shock due to loss of blood.


DIAGNOSIS


How are Trichobezoars diagnosed?


Trichobezoar may be suspected based on history and clinical examination of the patient. A mass may be felt over the abdomen on physical examination.


Trichobezoars are linked to psychiatric disorders and hence clinical assessments are necessary to understand the possibility of the presence of hairballs.

Radiological tests include gastrointestinal endoscopy, ultrasonography, x-ray of the abdomen, and computed tomography of the abdomen. Computed tomography scans of the abdomen are extremely accurate and are therefore preferred in the diagnosis of trichobezoar. If an individual has suffered from trichobezoars in the past, it is recommended that he/she get a scan done twice a year to detect any recurrence.



CAUSES 

The severity of symptoms depends on the seriousness of the condition. For example, a patient with perforation may be in shock due to loss of blood.


How are Trichobezoars diagnosed?

Trichobezoar may be suspected based on history and clinical examination of the patient. A mass may be felt over the abdomen on physical examination.


Trichobezoars are linked to psychiatric disorders and hence clinical assessments are necessary to understand the possibility of the presence of hairballs.

Radiological tests include gastrointestinal endoscopy, ultrasonography, x-ray of the abdomen, and computed tomography of the abdomen. Computed tomography scans of the abdomen are extremely accurate and are therefore preferred in the diagnosis of trichobezoar. If an individual has suffered from trichobezoars in the past, it is recommended that he/she get a scan done twice a year to detect any recurrence.


TREATMENT 


How are Trichobezoars treated?

Surgery is the preferred choice of treatment since medications are ineffective in dissolving a trichobezoar.


There  are 3 main surgical ways to treat trichobezoars:


Laparotomy or Open Surgery: This is a favorable form of treating trichobezoars. The procedure is low in complications and can detect any secondary masses in the abdomen or intestine. This is the only form of treatment for Rapunzel syndrome.


Laparoscopy: Nirasawa and colleagues first described this form of treatment for bezoars in 1998. Laparoscopy or keyhole surgery is normally combined with endoscopy. While laparoscopy is used to fragment the hairball, endoscopy is utilized to remove the fragments. Complications are minimal with this procedure and patients are discharged quickly. However, laparoscopy takes a longer time as compared to open surgery.


TYPE OF DOCTOR DEPARTMENT :- Gastroenterology and Hepatology SPECIALIST CAN DAIGNOSES THIS DISEASE. 

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